Lee Kuan Yew, Singapore’s founding father, was a man known for his unwavering pragmatism and unflinching honesty. During his remarkable 31-year tenure as Prime Minister, he implemented a slew of policies that transformed Singapore from a post-colonial backwater into a thriving, modern nation-state. Even in retirement, LKY, as he was affectionately known, continued to share his insights and hard truths on how to keep Singapore going.

“We have to be a just and fair society, but we also have to be a meritocratic society,” LKY once said. “If you are not a meritocrat, you will end up with a very inefficient society.”

One of LKY’s most enduring legacies is his commitment to meritocracy. He firmly believed that a society that rewards talent and hard work, rather than birthright or privilege, is the most equitable and prosperous. This guiding principle has informed many of Singapore’s policies, from education to public housing.

Singapore’s education system, for instance, is designed to identify and nurture talent from a young age. The country’s highly competitive and rigorous academic environment has produced a highly educated and skilled workforce, which has, in turn, attracted numerous multinational corporations and fueled economic growth.