For example, studies have shown that language learners’ cognitive abilities, such as working memory and attention, play a crucial role in language acquisition (e.g., Cowan, 1999). Additionally, research has highlighted the importance of metacognitive strategies, such as planning, monitoring, and evaluating, in language learning (e.g., Cohen, 2000). Another significant development in foreign language aptitude research is the advancement in measurement and assessment methods. Traditional approaches to assessing aptitude, such as language proficiency tests, have been criticized for their limited scope and lack of predictive validity.
Carroll, J. B. (1963). The study of language aptitude. In J. B. Carroll (Ed.), The study of language aptitude (pp. 1-20). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. twenty-five years of research on foreign language aptitude
Cowan, N. (1999). An embedded-processes model of working memory. In A. Miyake & P. Shah (Eds.), Models of working memory (pp. 62-101). (1963)